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Angelina Vladimirovna Shakhanova ¹, Tatyana Vasilyevna Chelyshkova ¹, Andrei Aleksandrovich Kuzmin ¹, Mikhail Nikolayevich Silantyev ¹, Svetlana Stanislavovna Grechishkina ¹

Affiliations
1 Adyghe State University, Maykop, Russia

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Methodology of athletes’ health improvement should be based on integrated consideration of the body features. Search for dependence and functional capabilities of the body on anthropometric typology can be a criterion for the development of individual methods of adaptation in the course of muscular activity. Methods: The experiment was carried out on a longitudinal basis for 3 years. The examination cohort included young athletes of Children’s and Youth Sports School of Olympic Reserve. In total, 80 persons aged from 10 to 20 were examined. Results: Somatotypological approach was suggested for solving the problem of individualization of training loads. The authors showed that in the course of basketball and football trainings the representatives of brachymorphic somatotype formed the primary risk group: they demonstrated the lowest VO2Max values, while the highest values were found among the representatives of different somatotypes in aerobic performance of the body, which determines individual typological differences in general stamina and adaptive capabilities of athletes’ bodies. Consideration of typological features of athletes’ constitution and assessment of aerobic performance of the body form a unified set of information, on the basis of which adequate and personalized recommendations can be developed resulting in optimization of motional modes for a particular group of exercisers. Application: Recognition of typological peculiarities of athletes allows setting regulatory requirements in accordance with adaptive capabilities of athletes. This article is of value for teachers and trainers of Youth Sports Schools of Olympic Reserve and sports departments, sports medicine doctors and students.

Keywords

Basketball, Football, General Stamina, Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2Max), Somatotype, Students, Young Basketball Players, Young Football Players.

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Ekaterina Vladimirovna Kalnaya ¹, Angelina Vladimirovna Shakhanova ¹, Aslan Khangireevich Agirov ¹, Andrey Aleksandrovich Kuzmin ¹, Tatyana Vasilyevna Chelyshkova ¹, Aida Rustemovna Cheuzheva ¹

Affiliations
1 Adygea State University, Maykop, Russia

Abstract

Objectives: The study of effect of sports loads on adaptive and regulatory capabilities of female students’ bodies with various motion states is of interest from the perspective of discovery of mechanisms of long-term and individual adaptation to physical effects. Method: Female students, which are the members of volleyball and basketball group (53 persons) aged 18-21, served as test subjects. Female students not engaged in sports activities (save for 2 hours of physical education per week) have been examined as a control group. Electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and calculation of heart rate variability (HRV) were carried out by means of Poly-Spectrum-8/EX hardware and software complex in prone position for 5 minutes. Findings: Two regulation groups have been identified in each sport: with the predominance of central and autonomous type of regulation. The first group with the predominance of central type of regulation is characterized with lower values of time analysis – SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50%, CV% – and high SI. The predominance of slow waves of the first order (LF) and the second order (VLF) has been registered in the rate spectrum. Sports physical loads result in growth of general power of regulatory impact, which increases adaptive capabilities of female athletes’ bodies. Sports activity in the course of volleyball and basketball training sharpen tension of adaptive mechanisms and significantly increase “adaptation price” for representatives of the first group; especially high tension of adaptive mechanisms was found in the first group of female basketball players. The most favorable adaptive status was shown by female athletes of group 2, which makes it possible to conclude that sports physical loads favorably affect female athletes of this group, since they had significantly higher adaptive potential as compared to the test subjects. Application: In general, sports activities promote normalization of regulatory mechanisms status and reduction of quantity of members of the first adaptation group (with predominance of central regulation type). Such regulation type is characteristic of the absolute minority of female athletes, while a half of the test subjects, who are not female athletes, demonstrate such regulation type.

Keywords

Adaptive and Regulatory Peculiarities, Basketball, Female Students,Cardiovascular System, Heart Rate Variability, Vegetative Nervous System, Volleyball.

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Angelina Vladimirovna Shakhanova ¹, Tatyana Vasilyevna Chelyshkova ¹, Aslan Khangireevich Agirov ¹, Kazbek Dovletmizovich Chermit ¹, Andrey Aleksandrovich Kuzmin ¹

Affiliations
1 Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education, Adygea State University, Russian Federation, Maykop, RU

Abstract

Objectives: The article is aimed at research of somatotropic function of boys’ pituitary gland and adrenal cortex in a state of relative rest and under physical load for adequate and complete assessment of their functional capabilities. Methods: Functional capabilities of somatotropic pituitary gland function were examined using PWC170 test. The level of activity of pituitary gland and adrenal cortex was examined by radioimmunoassay technique before the load and in 15 and 45 minutes after the load. The results were statistically processed according to the Student-Fisher variation, statistic technique and rank correlation method, the variability of parameters was assessed by means of the variability coefficient. Findings: To determine the functional reserve of pituitary gland and growth capabilities of the body, a comparative assessment of somatotropin dynamics was made in the state of relative rest and under various loads. The following results have been achieved: comparative assessment of pituitary gland response under different kinds of physical load, identification of its peculiarities, characteristics of general rules of pituitary gland response to the examined loads on boys in the course of somatic growth, simultaneous examination of the response of pituitary gland (with respect to somatotropin) and adrenal cortex (with respect to cortisol) under various loads. This paper shows that pituitary gland activity increases under physical load with PWC170 power. Pituitary gland response in the 45th minute is more significant than response in the 15th minute after the load. In each specific case, the trend of response (increase or decrease), incremental value of somatotropin and the rate of response were subject to the value of the initial level of pituitary gland activity. Application: This article is of practical value for hormonal therapy.

Keywords

Cortisol,Hormones, Physical Load, Pituitary Gland, Somatotropin, Young Sportsmen.

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